ADVANCED (C2) PHRASES
- Clear the air
You guys need to clear the air
It is time to clear the air - Trial and error
a way of solving a oribken by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make - (to be) at odds over/with
to disagree or be different from something
My siblings and I are at odds over the family estate (disagree).
I’m at odds with his version of the story. - beyong (a shadow of) a doubt
expressing certainty that something is true
I think it’s beyond a shadow of a doubt that the earth’s climate is changing
beyong a reasonable doubt (law)
the argemnet presented shows someone ia guilty and must be accepted as fact
We have shown the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. - play it by ear
to decide how to deal with situation as it develops, rather than acting accordin to plans made earlier
Let’s just play it by ear. We have a plan, but we can make changes if neccessary. We’ll just play it by ear. - go with the flow
to do what other people are doing or to agree with other people because it is the easiest thing to do - to put (one’s) foot down
to use your authority to stop something happening - down the drain
refer to work or money that is waisted
All that work down the drain! - to come under fire
to be criticized
the government has come under fire after the failed response - jump to conclusions
to guess the facts about a situation without having enought information - out of (one’s) depth
not having the knowledge experience, or skills to deal with a particular situation or subject - do (someone/something) justice
to be accurate or fair by representing someone or something as that person or thing truly is
The book is so much better than the movie. The movie doesn’t do it justice.
The Grand Canyon is breathtaking. Pictures don’t do it justice.
Explaining ‘Beyond a Shadow of a Doubt.’
The expression “beyond a shadow of a doubt” is used to emphasize absolute certainty or the complete absence of doubt about a fact, statement, or situation. It’s employed to underscore a person’s utmost confidence in something they consider true or indisputable, without any doubts or hesitations. When someone claims that something happened or is true “beyond a shadow of a doubt,” they’re asserting it as an incontrovertible fact without any possibility of error or uncertainty.
- He knew beyond a shadow of a doubt that he would ace the exam. (Он знал без малейшего сомнения, что сдаст экзамен на отлично.)
- The jury found the defendant guilty beyond a shadow of a doubt. (Присяжные нашли подсудимого виновным без малейшего сомнения.)
- Beyond a shadow of a doubt, she was the most qualified candidate for the job. (Без сомнения, она была самым подходящим кандидатом на эту работу.)
- The scientist’s research proved the theory true beyond a shadow of a doubt. (Исследование ученого доказало правильность теории без малейшего сомнения.)
- After extensive investigation, they were convinced beyond a shadow of a doubt that it was an accident. (После тщательного расследования они были уверены, что это было случайное событие без малейшего сомнения.)
- Beyond a shadow of a doubt, she had the most beautiful voice in the competition. (Без малейшего сомнения, у нее был самый красивый голос на конкурсе.)
- His success in the company proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that he was an exceptional leader. (Его успех в компании явно доказал, что он был исключительным лидером без малейшего сомнения.)
- The evidence presented in court established his innocence beyond a shadow of a doubt. (Доказательства, представленные в суде, подтвердили его невиновность без малейшего сомнения.)
ADVANCED (C2) VERBS
- relish
to enjoy greatly or take pleasure in something
I relish traveling to exotic locations.
I relish eating ice cream on a hot summer day. - coincide
To occur at the same time or to correspond in some way.
I’m sorry. I can’t go to your birthday party bacause it coincides with a business trip that I have to take.
His vacation plans coincided perfectly with the festival dates. - quander
To waste something, especially resources or opportunities by not using them to your advantage
Many people feel that the government squanders taxpayer money.
Don’t squander this opportunity. - commemorate
To honor the memory of a person or event, often through a ceremony or tribute.
The monument was built to commemorate the soldiers who fought in the war. - gasp
to take a short, quick breath through the mouth, especially because of shock, pain, or suprise
The audience gasped in amazement at the magician’s trick. - intervene
to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
The referee intervened to stop the fight. - label
To assign a name or description to something
People often label her as an expert in her field - imply
To suggest or express indirectly without stating it explicitly, to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly
His tone implied that he was not pleased with the decision. - Infer
To deduce or conclude something from evidence or reasoning rather than directly being told
From his expression, she inferred that something was troubling him. - speculate
To form opinions or theories about something without firm evidence.
Analysts often speculate about the future trends in the stock market.
Journalists are speculating what the President may say in his upcoming announcement. - succumb
yield or give in to something, especially pressure or temptation.
to die or suffer badly from an illness or injury.
He finally succumbed to her persuasive arguments. - trudge
To walk slowly and heavily, often with difficulty or exhaustion.
They had to trudge through the deep snow to reach the cabin.
ADVANCED (C2) NOUNS
- (in) awe
A feeling of reverential respect mixed with fear or wonder.
We watched in awe as the lion attacked the buffalo.
The children stared at the fireworks in awe. - bureaucracy
A system of administration that relies on intricate procedures and regulations.
Dealing with the bureaucracy of government offices can be time-consuming. - frenzy
A state of wild excitement or uncontrolled activity.
The sale created a frenzy among shoppers, causing chaos in the store. - cliché
An overused expression or idea that has lost its originality.
His speech was filled with clichés that failed to inspire the audience. - paradigm
a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model.
“society’s paradigm of the ‘ideal woman’”
a model of something, or a very clear and typical example of something
a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles. “English determiners form a paradigm: we can say ‘a book’ or ‘his book’ but not ‘a his book’” - momentum
the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situations.
The force or speed of movement; figuratively, the driving force behind an action or idea.
“The team gained momentum after their recent victory.” (Команда приобрела инерцию после своей последней победы.)
“The company’s sales are picking up momentum.” (Продажи компании набирают обороты.)
“We need to maintain this momentum to reach our goals.” (Нам нужно сохранить этот импульс, чтобы достичь наших целей.)
“The political movement started to lose momentum as disagreements emerged.” (Политическое движение начало терять темп по мере появления разногласий.)
“She worked hard to build momentum in her career.” (Она усердно работала, чтобы создать импульс в своей карьере.) - morale
The confidence, enthusiasm, or spirit of a group or individual.
The team meeting boosted the employees’ morale. - withdrawal
The act of pulling back or removing something, such as troops or money.
The withdrawal of financial support affected the project’s progress. - deterrent
Something that discourages or prevents someone from taking a particular action.
High security at the event acted as a deterrent for potential troublemakers. - ambiguity
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation or meaning.
The ambiguous statement led to confusion among the listeners. - diarrhea
A condition characterized by frequent and watery bowel movements.
Food poisoning caused severe diarrhea, requiring medical attention. - whereabouts
The location or position of someone or something.
The police are still searching for the whereabouts of the missing person.
ADVANCED (C2) ADJECTIVES
- ambiguous
Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning.
The ambiguous instructions left the team confused about what was expected. - complimentary
Expressing praise or admiration.
She received complimentary remarks about her elegant dress at the event. - handy
Convenient or useful for a particular purpose.
Having a first-aid kit is handy when hiking in remote areas. - indispensable
Absolutely necessary or essential.
A reliable internet connection is indispensable for remote work. - legitimate
Conforming to the law or rules; lawful.
The company provided legitimate reasons for the change in policy. - questionable
Doubtful or suspect as to whether it is true or right.
His questionable actions made everyone suspicious of his motives. - grim
Serious, gloomy, or harsh in manner or appearance.
The hospital room had a grim atmosphere, affecting everyone’s mood. - coherent
Logical and consistent; making sense.
His speech was coherent and persuasive, convincing the audience. - dubious
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
The dubious quality of the product raised concerns among consumers. - compulsive
Resulting from or relating to an irresistible urge.
His compulsive need for perfectionism made him redo the project multiple times. - pushy
Overly aggressive or forceful in trying to get something.
The pushy salesperson insisted on making a sale despite repeated refusals. - carefree
Free from worry or responsibility; without anxiety.
They spent a carefree afternoon picnicking in the park. - conceited
Excessively proud of oneself; vain.
Her conceited attitude alienated her from her peers. - rigid
Stiff or inflexible; not able to be bent easily.
The company had a rigid policy against flexible working hours. - feeble
Lacking physical strength, especially due to age or illness.
His feeble attempt at the high jump didn’t clear the bar.